Issued in November 2025
About JC3 Climate Data Catalogue
Latest update: 14 November 2025
The JC3 Sub-Committee on Bridging Data Gaps (Sub-Committee) has undertaken the annual review on the Joint Committee on Climate Change (JC3) Climate Data Catalogue (DC). Specifically, the DC serves as:
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A source of reference for climate and environmental data relevant to use cases in the financial sector. It includes data that are readily available, partially available, and unavailable as well as observations on data gaps.
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An avenue to promote broader awareness on the prevailing data gaps and serve as a call to action for data providers to improve the availability and accessibility of data.
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Improve users’ accessibility to relevant data sources. The DC contains links to data sources and does not hold any dataset within the DC.
The DC is compiled by the Sub-Committee on Bridging Data Gaps established under JC3, based on critical data needed by the financial sector to support various use cases. The approach is modelled after the Network for Greening the Financial System’s (NGFS) systematic process in compiling the NGFS Directory. The DC predominantly focuses on Malaysian climate and environmental data, as global data items and sources are already extensively covered by the NGFS Directory.
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The compilation is based on the collective contribution by the members of the JC3 and its sub-committees and compiled on a best effort basis and may not reflect new data sources that may emerge in between updates to the DC. Users would need to make their own assessments of the information that best meet their needs.
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2025 Climate Data Catalogue
During the 2025 annual review, the Sub-Committee gathered feedback from a wide range of stakeholders, including financial institutions, asset managers, JC3 members, industry associations, and international organisations. Based on this input, the 2025 Data Catalogue (DC) has been significantly enhanced with more granular data items. Key improvements include a more comprehensive expansion of energy data group covering consumption, generation, efficiency, energy mix, renewable investments, demand projections, and revenue from environmental opportunities and an enriched set of GHG emissions data, incorporating Scopes 1 & 2, emissions intensity and targets, internal carbon pricing, climate scenarios, sectoral and vehicle emissions, and GDP contributions.​
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To support integrated climate-socioeconomic analysis, ancillary data has been broadened to include demographic and socio-economic indicators such as age, gender, income, employment, poverty, access to amenities, literacy, land use, migration patterns, adaptation policies, crop yields, and EV market trends.
Other new additions include environmental and sustainability indicators such as air and water quality, waste and water management, biodiversity risk mapping, land use and species restoration, and climate risk data (temperature, sea-level rise, drought, extreme events). Financial and policy-related measures have also been added, including green financing, carbon pricing, ESG scores, sustainability indices, and transition risk exposure, along with insurance coverage, technological innovation, and Malaysia’s GDP forecasts under various transition scenarios.
The 2025 update also introduces a wider range of data sources, including Malaysia’s Official Open Data Portal (data.gov.my), Energy Commission (EC), Green Climate Fund, Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT), and World Bank, alongside global platforms such as Bloomberg, BloombergNEF, Refinitiv, S&P Global, GlobalData, and Datarade, as well as specialised contributors like Climate Action Tracker, SPOTT ZSL, and the Natural History Museum. These additions significantly expand coverage across energy, climate, biodiversity, socio-economic indicators, and market trends.
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Main Findings from 2025 Climate Data Catalogue
The 2025 Climate Data Catalogue encompasses 186 unique environmental and climate-related data items, which is further dissected into various dimensions, culminating in a total of 386 granular data items. These data items are classified into 15 data groups such as GHG Emissions, Green/Sustainable Financing, Exposure to Physical Risks, and Non-renewable/Renewable Energy, and further mapped to the relevant use cases, as established by the NGFS. Summary of Data Groups, Data Items and Status of Availability are provided in the Appendix 1.
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Key statistics of the 2025 DC:
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Overall data availability increased to 82% in 2025, driven by the addition of new data items following the inclusion of sources with readily accessible information primarily energy and GHG emissions data along with ancillary non-climate indicators such as socio-economic data. This contributed to a 16% rise in data items (26 new items), bringing the total to 186 unique items with 386 granular data items in 2025, compared to 160 unique items and 286 granular data items in 2024.
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Of the 82% of data items in the 2025 DC that are available:
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42% are readily available
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30% are proprietary in nature that requires subscription to access; and
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10% with gaps due to lack of granularity and limited time horizon.
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Features 636 data sources from 208 data providers.
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Controlling for the number of data items, the availability of 2024 DC data has slightly increased to 72% (2024: 71%).
Going forward …
The DC will continue to be updated annually, to ensure its relevance based on the latest data requirements, standards and data sources. The Sub-Committee welcomes feedback and suggestions to improve the comprehensiveness and usability of the DC, through the 'Suggestion/Feedback' section on JC3 website or via email to climatedc@bnm.gov.my. Such feedback will allow the Sub-Committee to continuously enhance the content and functionalities of the DC to meet the evolving needs of financial sector users.
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Moving forward, JC3 will continue to intensify efforts to collaborate with relevant public and private data providers to bridge data gaps and improve the availability and accessibility of environmental and climate related data items.
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Issued in November 2025
Appendix
2025 JC3 Climate Data Catalogue - Data Groups, Data Items and Status of Availability​
